Types of Solar Panels Available in the UK
There are a few main categories of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels that homeowners and businesses can choose from when installing a solar energy system in the UK. The technology, performance, costs, and applications can vary for each type.
Crystalline Silicon Panels
This dominant type accounts for over 90% of the global solar panel market. Crystalline silicon panels are made from silicon atoms arranged in a crystalline structure. There are two main kinds:
Monocrystalline – Made from a single continuous silicon crystal. These tend to be slightly more efficient but cost more. Popular brands are SunPower, LG, Jinko, and LONGi.
Polycrystalline – Made from multiple silicon crystal fragments melted together. Slightly lower efficiency but also lower cost. Q CELLS, Trina, and JA Solar are major suppliers.
Thin-Film Panels
Instead of silicon crystals, these are made by depositing ultra-thin layers of photosensitive materials onto a substrate like glass or plastic. Main thin-film types are:
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) – Lowest efficiency but can be flexible. Used in limited applications.
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) – Low cost and optimal for high temperatures. Top manufacturer is First Solar.
Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) – Efficiencies close to crystalline silicon. Hanergy is a leading CIGS company.
Emerging Panel Technologies
Several newer PV technologies are in development or limited production:
Perovskites – Innovative crystals with high efficiencies but durability challenges.
Organic PV – Uses organic electronics made from plastics/polymers. Very low cost but only ~10% efficient.
Quantum Dot – Nanocrystals tuned to absorb specific light wavelengths. Being commercialized by Dotz Nano.
Hybrid Panels – Combine multiple materials like silicon and CIGS. Offer performance synergies.
No one panel technology is inherently superior. The optimal choice depends on the project specifics, site conditions, cost targets, and performance goals. Consult reputable installers to determine which solar panel type is right for your particular situation.
